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четверг, 24 января 2019 г.

«Breaking News» Incredible regeneration powers of the Mexican axolotl could soon help humans regrow LIMBS

Scientists have pieced together the complete genome of a salamander with unparalleled regeneration abilities in a breakthrough that could have huge implications for human limb replacement.


The axolotl – a Mexican salamander known as well for its perpetually-smiley appearance as for its ability to sprout new limbs – is remarkable in its ability to regrow just about any damaged body part.


In a groundbreaking study, researchers in the US say they’ve assembled the axolotl genome, putting us closer to finally understanding how the amphibians are able to do this.




Scientists have pieced together the complete genome of a salamander with unparalleled regeneration abilities in a breakthrough that could have huge implications for human limb replacement. File photo


Scientists have pieced together the complete genome of a salamander with unparalleled regeneration abilities in a breakthrough that could have huge implications for human limb replacement. File photo



Scientists have pieced together the complete genome of a salamander with unparalleled regeneration abilities in a breakthrough that could have huge implications for human limb replacement. File photo



‘It’s hard to find a body part they can’t regenerate: the limbs, the tail, the spinal cord, the eye, and in some species, the lens, even half of their brain has been shown to regenerate,’ said Randal Voss, a professor in the University of Kentucky Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center.


Sequencing a large genome is no easy task, and has so far stood in the way of unlocking the axolotl’s secrets.


But thanks to recent efforts, scientists have been inching closer and closer to assembling it in the correct order.


In the new study, the University of Kentucky team adapted an approach known as linkage mapping to quickly put the axolotl genome in order.


According to the researchers, this is the first time a genome so large has been assembled.

As axolotls are critically endangered in the wild, having a complete genome sequence could be key in biomedical research that relies on these amphibians in the future.


‘Just a few years ago, no one thought it possible to assemble a 30+GB genome,’ said Smith.





The axolotl – a Mexican salamander known as well for its perpetually-smiley appearance as for its ability to sprout new limbs – is remarkable in its ability to regrow just about any damaged body part.


The axolotl – a Mexican salamander known as well for its perpetually-smiley appearance as for its ability to sprout new limbs – is remarkable in its ability to regrow just about any damaged body part.






In a groundbreaking study, researchers in the US say they’ve assembled the axolotl genome, putting us closer to finally understanding how the amphibians are able to do this


In a groundbreaking study, researchers in the US say they’ve assembled the axolotl genome, putting us closer to finally understanding how the amphibians are able to do this



The axolotl – a Mexican salamander known as well for its perpetually-smiley appearance as for its ability to sprout new limbs – is remarkable in its ability to regrow just about any damaged body part



‘We have now shown it is possible using a cost effective and accessible method, which opens up the possibility of routinely sequencing other animals with large genomes.’


The team then demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique by using the data to identify a gene responsible for a heart defect in the animals.


This, they say, can serve as a new model of human disease.



WHY CAN'T HUMANS REGROW WHOLE LIMBS? 



Humans can regrow parts of organs and skin cells to some degree, but we have lost the ability to regenerate complete body parts.


Scientists put forward several possible reasons for this.


Some blame the immune system, which, in a rushed panic to stem bleeding after an injury, inadvertently blocks full limb regeneration with scar tissue.


Alternatively, humans' relatively large size may make full regeneration too energy intensive.


Replacing a limb may not be energetically cost-effective when we can simply adapt to using nine fingers instead of ten, or one arm instead of two.




‘Biomedical research is increasingly becoming a genetically-driven enterprise,’ said Voss.


‘To understand human disease, you have to be able to study gene functions in other organisms like the axolotl.


‘Now that we have access to genomic information, we can really start to probe axolotl gene functions and learn how they are able to regenerate body parts.


‘Hopefully someday we can translate this information to human therapy, with potential applications for spinal cord injury, stroke, joint repair…the sky’s the limit, really.’

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https://hienalouca.com/2019/01/24/incredible-regeneration-powers-of-the-mexican-axolotl-could-soon-help-humans-regrow-limbs/
Main photo article Scientists have pieced together the complete genome of a salamander with unparalleled regeneration abilities in a breakthrough that could have huge implications for human limb replacement.
The axolotl – a Mexican salamander known as well for its perpetually-smiley appearance as for its ability t...


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Dianne Reeves US News HienaLouca





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