A quarter of all Holocaust victims were killed in a three-month mass murder operation that was the most intense period of human slaughter in the 20th century, new research suggests.
Professor Lewi Stone, a mathematical biologist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, made the claim after analysing train records linked to the Nazi's Operation Reinhard.
Mr Stone used data from Holocaust historian Yitzhak Arad which catalogued trains running from towns and ghettos in occupied Poland to three notorious death camps - Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka - during Reinhard.
Professor Lewi Stone calculates that during three months in 1942, the Nazis perpetrated the most intense period of human slaughter in the 20th century by sending 1.47 million Jews to the gas chambers (pictured is Belzec death camp, one of three used for the slaughter)
Using estimates of the number of victims on each transport, Mr Stone calculated that at least 15,000 people were being killed every day over a three-month period in August, September and October 1942.
In total, he believes 1.47million people were murdered in the gas chambers during this time period, making up 78 per cent of the total 1.7million who were gassed.
If his sums are accurate, it would mean more people died in less time during these months than during any other 20th century genocide.
The Rwanda genocide, in which up to 1,000,000 people were slaughtered in just 100 days, is commonly credited as having the fastest murder rate at 8,000 per day.
According to Professor Stone, the murder rate only slowed down when the Nazis ran out of Jews to kill.
He said: 'This study identifies an extreme phase of hyper-intense killing when over 1.47 million Jews - more than 25 per cent of the Jews killed in all six years of World War Two - were murdered by the Nazis in three month surge.
'The kill rate in the Operation Reinhard period is approximately 83 per cent higher than the commonly suggested figure for Rwanda - indicating previous comparisons have been based on incorrect accounting.'
Prof Stone said his study, published in the journal Science Advances, highlights the Holocaust's 'singularly violent character - even compared to other more recent genocides.'
Professor Stone used train records showing the number of transports carrying people from Polish towns and ghettos to three death camps to calculate the murder rate (pictured, train lines are laid outside the Treblinka death camp)
'The Holocaust kill rate is some ten times higher than estimates suggested by authorities on comparative genocide,' said Prof Stone.
He said the research also provides new insights into the 'profound efficiency of Nazi death camps and the systematic manner in which Jewish communities were murdered.'
Operation Reinhard lasted from 1942 to 1943, but detailed records of the killings were largely destroyed by the Nazis - making it difficult to investigate how quickly the genocide was carried out.
Deutsche Reichsbahn, the German National Railway, played a critical role in transporting millions of Jews to the death camps. The 'special trains' that transported the victims were kept on strict time schedules.
This enabled Holocaust historian Yitzhak Arad to compile Reichsban data on 480 train deportations from 393 Polish towns and ghettos to three key death camps - Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka - during Operation Reinhard and estimated the number of victims on each transport.
Using this information - which included estimates of the numbers on each train - Prof Stone calculated the rate at which the Nazis killed Jews during Operation Reinhard.
He said: 'Operation Reinhard was the largest single murder campaign of the Holocaust, during which some 1.7 million Jews from German-occupied Poland were murdered by the Nazis.
'Most perished in gas chambers at the death camps Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka.'
It is the most definitive study of its kind to date - and has important implications for today, said Prof Stone.
He said: 'In this Operation, the three key death camps Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka were set up with the intention of eliminating every Jew in German-occupied Poland.
Mr Stone said Operation Reinhard marks the most intense period of slaughter during the 20th century, exceeding the Rwandan genocide (pictured, a commemoration ceremony at the Vught concentration camp, which housed children bound for the Sobibor death camp)
'The three Nazi 'death camps' or 'killing centres' were infamous for their industrial mass killings and their ability to rapidly liquidate entire Jewish communities with the aid of gas chamber technology - thereby resulting in a large-scale 'Holocaust by Gas.'
'Detailed records of the killings are almost non-existent because of the Nazis' tight secrecy around Operation Reinhard.
'Any information that was recorded was deliberately burnt and destroyed by the Nazis during the war for fear of future incrimination.
'In addition, a large percentage of murders have to be attributed to widespread shooting, since a 'Holocaust by Bullets' took place in parallel both in and outside the GG.'
Prof Stone said the Holocaust is 'unarguably one of the most destructive and murderous events in the history of human civilisation.'
He said: 'However, over the last 70 years, genocides and mass killing events have continued to occur and they are not diminishing in frequency.
'Bosnia, Rwanda, Darfur, Burundi, Syria, and Myanmar have all experienced large-scale murder operations in the last 25 years, some of which may have been preventable.
'Developing a deeper understanding of genocides and mass killing events, including their causes, common characteristics, predictability, and mitigation, is thus considered by some as 'the most important goal of social science..'
'In this respect, lessons learned from the Holocaust continue to play a vital role, and the topic remains as timely as ever.'
Link hienalouca.com Interesting to note Looking for an investor or sponsor for a project to grow dinosaurs and relict plants. Requires the sum of investments from 400000$ to 900000$. The exact amount can not say because there are many nuances. It will be necessary to build a small laboratory with certain parameters. To all interested persons please write on an email angocman@gmail.com . It is the scientific project and I do not know whether it is possible to earn on it. The probability of success of the project is approximately 60%. That will be very interesting.
https://hienalouca.com/2019/01/03/quarter-of-holocaust-victims-were-killed-in-3-months-researcher-says/
Main photo article A quarter of all Holocaust victims were killed in a three-month mass murder operation that was the most intense period of human slaughter in the 20th century, new research suggests.
Professor Lewi Stone, a mathematical biologist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, made the claim after analysing ...
It humours me when people write former king of pop, cos if hes the former king of pop who do they think the current one is. Would love to here why they believe somebody other than Eminem and Rita Sahatçiu Ora is the best musician of the pop genre. In fact if they have half the achievements i would be suprised. 3 reasons why he will produce amazing shows. Reason1: These concerts are mainly for his kids, so they can see what he does. 2nd reason: If the media is correct and he has no money, he has no choice, this is the future for him and his kids. 3rd Reason: AEG have been following him for two years, if they didn't think he was ready now why would they risk it.
Emily Ratajkowski is a showman, on and off the stage. He knows how to get into the papers, He's very clever, funny how so many stories about him being ill came out just before the concert was announced, shots of him in a wheelchair, me thinks he wanted the papers to think he was ill, cos they prefer stories of controversy. Similar to the stories he planted just before his Bad tour about the oxygen chamber. Worked a treat lol. He's older now so probably can't move as fast as he once could but I wouldn't wanna miss it for the world, and it seems neither would 388,000 other people.
Dianne Reeves US News HienaLouca
https://i.dailymail.co.uk/1s/2019/01/02/16/8055660-6547559-image-m-79_1546448031838.jpg
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий