«Breaking News» Faecal matter show Cahokia tribe DISAPPEARED one thousand years ago as a result of climate change

Droughts contributed to the demise of a prehistoric American settlement one thousand years ago, ancient faecal matter suggests.

The Cahokia were a tribe that flourished near Illinois around 1200 AD, with a population of 20,000 people at its peak. But their ancient city was mysteriously abandoned by 1400 AD.

Now, scientists believe human faecal molecules washed into a nearby lake show evidence of a severe drought.

Information from from the waste matter was dated by how deep it was found in the lakes' sedimentation.

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Cahokia, found in Illinois in the US, was a major political and cultural centre with a population in the tens of thousands by 1050 - but then disappeared. A mound (pictured) show its site today. Ancient poo grains from a nearby lake allowed researchers to conclude that droughts were likely a factor in the demise of the prehistoric American settlement a thousand years ago

The ancient city stood near St. Louis, Missouri, and was the largest prehistoric settlement in Americas north of Mexico.

Studying lake sediments from a lake next to Cahokia, researchers at California State University concluded there was a shift towards lower summer rainfalls levels in A.D 1150.

Among other elements, they looked at faecal stanols, molecules present in grains, peanuts and vegetable oils, which are eliminated in feces.  

The more people who lived and defecated there, the more stanols evident in lake sediments, so stanols can be used as a tag population size and movement.   

 Cahokia was the largest and most influential urban settlement in the Mississippian culture which developed advanced societies across much of what is now the central and southeastern United States, beginning more than 1000 years before European contact. Its population was at its peak in the 1200s, an estimated 20,000, would not be surpassed by any city in the United States until the late 18th century

AJ White, lead author on the study from Wisconsin-Madison, said: 'The way of building population reconstructions usually involves archaeological data, which is separate from the data studied by climate scientists'.  

'Because the sediments of a lake accumulate in layers, they allow scientists to capture snapshots of time throughout the history of a region through sediment cores. 

'Deeper layers form earlier than layers found higher up, and all of the material within a layer is roughly the same age.' 

 Archaeologists know that around the year 900, people in the area began to cultivate maize and their population exploded, shown by the number and size of buildings and structures that sprang up in the region.

The data from the study showed that summer precipitation likely decreased around the onset of Cahokia's decline. 

This could have affected the ability of people to grow their staple crop maize.  

The latest changes are thought to have concurred with a major flooding event around the same period from the Mississippi River.  

Consecutive years of summer droughts followed by a major flooding would have put severe pressure on the settlement's agricultural system and could explain why the city was suddenly abandoned.        

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT CAHOKIA 

Archaeologists know that around the year 900, people in the area began to cultivate maize and their population exploded, shown by the number and size of buildings and structures that sprang up in the region. 

Archaeologists often think of Cahokia as a chiefdom, with a hierarchy of smaller settlements that spread out from the city, much like the small county seats that surround the major government centers we're familiar with today, Schroeder explains.

Cahokia was the largest and most influential urban settlement in the Mississippian culture which developed advanced societies across much of what is now the central and southeastern United States, beginning more than 1000 years before European contact.

Its population wasat its peak in the 1200s, an estimated 20,000, would not be surpassed by any city in the United States until the late 18th century. 

Today, Cahokia Mounds is considered the largest and most complex archaeological site north of the great pre-Columbian cities in Mexico. 

But around 1200, coinciding with a major flood fingerprint in Munoz's sediments, the population began to decline along with other shifts in the archaeological record.

Cahokia appears to have fractured and its people began to migrate to other parts of North America. By 1400, after the arid conditions that suppressed large floods and favored Cahokia's rise had passed, it was deserted.  

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Link hienalouca.com

https://hienalouca.com/2019/02/26/faecal-matter-show-cahokia-tribe-disappeared-one-thousand-years-ago-as-a-result-of-climate-change/
Main photo article Droughts contributed to the demise of a prehistoric American settlement one thousand years ago, ancient faecal matter suggests.
The Cahokia were a tribe that flourished near Illinois around 1200 AD, with a population of 20,000 people at its peak. But their ancient city was mysteriously abandoned...

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